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Priors learnt from lifetime experiences powerfully influence perception. Using invasive brain recordings in neurosurgical patients, we show that when perception is congruent with a long-term prior, there are increased top-down influences in the ventral visual stream, whereas bottom-up input is enhanced when perception is incongruent with the long-term prior.

Bumetanide exerts neurophysiological effects related to clinical changes in more responsive subsets, in whom prediction of improvement was feasible using Functional Excitation/Inhibition method applied to EEG .

Balance between excitation & inhibition is a key principle for neuronal network organization & information processing, but has been difficult to quantify in humans. We developed a method to estimate E/I ratio non-invasively from ongoing oscillations.

Why do we sometimes hear a quiet sound from across the room, but other times miss someone calling our name when they are standing right next to us? Our perception depends not only on the stimulus properties, but also on the current functional state of the brain.

Together with clinicians and researchers from Utrecht, Nijmegen and Twente, CNCR researchers Verhage, Cornelisse, Meijer (FGA) and Linkenkaer-Hansen (INF) received a €1,8M grant to improve personalized medicine for children with autism. A novel EEG biomarker of Excitation/Inhibition (fE/I), developed by Richard Hardstone in the team of Linkenkaer-Hansen, will be used to group children with ASD based on the balance between excitation and inhibition in their brain.

The proposal “Multi-level criticality as a principle of information processing: Towards an integrative theory of neuronal avalanches and oscillations” was awarded with a grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) to Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen.